FROM THE FORTRESS TO THE MODERN CITY. URBAN PLANNING OF GŁOGÓW BY JOSEPH STÜBBEN
JANUSZ OPASKA
In 1902 Prussian authorities closed down the Głogów fortress which had existed since the mid-17th century. For the city, which so far remained closed in the ring of fortifications, it was a chance to start spatial and industrial development. At the beginning of the twentieth century, thanks to the reform of municipal finances Głogów was a prosperous centre which could undertake the comprehensive development of the city.
The first plan of the old forest conversion was prepared in 1903 by the city architect Uhlig. The redevelopment had started but in 1904 the city authorities commissioned the preparation of the “general development plan for the expansion of Głogów” to Joseph Stübben, one of the famous European planners at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Since 1905 this project formed the basis of the city development.
Urban planning by Joseph Stübben implemented three objectives. The first one was to create a functional structure of the internal communication and connections with the external communicational routes. Another is the functional separation of the various areas (residential, recreational, industrial), their formation and interaction and designation of places for new public buildings and also the demarcation and arrangement of green areas. The last of the objectives concerned the aesthetics of urban composition of the city. Creation of a modern centre without random and chaotic elements of the spatial structure and development, which would form a harmonious composition. During the implementation the plan was modified and adjusted by William Wagner, the city architect of Głogów since 1906.
The article discusses the Joseph Stübben plan as an interesting example of transforming former fortifications into modern urban centres, which has been permanently preserved in the European history of town planning.

Key words: Głogów, Joseph Stübben, town planning, transformations of strongholds into urban centres